Comprehensive Literature Review of Different Microgrid Schemes

Microgrids have a long history. In fact, Thomas Edison‘s first power plant constructed in1882 – the Manhattan Pearl Street Station – was essentially a microgrid since a centralized grid had not yet been established. By 1886, Edison‘s firm had installed fifty-eight direct current (DC) microgrids. However, shortly thereafter, the evolution of the electric services industry evolved to a state-regulated monopoly market, thus removing incentives for microgrid developments. It has been become increasingly clear that the fundamental architecture of today‘s electricity grid, which is based on the idea of a top-down system predicated on unidirectional energy flows, is obsolete [104]. The term Microgrid has been defined by many people in many ways. As recorded at University of Wisconsin, Madison, USA, the term ―MICROGRID‖ has as many as 13 competiting definitions [55]. Different definitions of Microgrid: